Nelson Mandela accomplished many rememberable events. Some of the following events that occurred include when Nelson Mandela became the President of the Youth League or ANCYL and when he was promoted to National Volunteer in Chief. With his new title, Nelson Mandela prepared a plan that would keep the ANC group together if it was to become illegal in 1953. This plan was called the M-Plan. Nelson Mandela built off of this plan and used it to form protests. After the protests got to a violent level and Nelson Mandela was arrested. Mandela being arrested only made him stronger in the end and he completed all his goals of ending apartheid. Nelson Mandela believes that even though he saved many people, that he doesn't think of himself as “a saint, unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.” Below are the UDHR issues violated, country history, and nation wide reactions.
Inequality is a global issue between races, equal power, and apartheid. The English who invaded South Africa started apartheid. The invasion occurred because the English found Africa’s diamonds and also wanted to exploit. This invasion sparked the Boer Year. At the same time a group called the Afrikaner National Party gained many members. The National Party made apartheid so it would keep white domination while making racial separation in the economic and social system. When the apartheid was established, it first separated all the races into categories based on their skin. Once separated the people would then be further separated into homelands organized by the government. These homelands were independent states, which meant that the people would be citizens of their homeland and would lose their citizenship to South Africa. This also caused people to have minimal independence. Nelson Mandela worked and change this inequality in South Africa by ending discrimination (article 2), giving full citizenship to black people (article 1), and abolishing apartheid (article 7). Before Nelson Mandela was arrested in 1963, he presided the ANC to arrange strikes and speeches to change these problems. The ANC is African National Congress that was made by African leaders to change the ways of apartheid. Once Nelson Mandela was released from prison and won the election to be president of Africa, he changed the government from being apartheid to being democratic. This abolished apartheid as a whole. He then revised the human rights, which gave equal rights to everyone. This positively created new housing, education, and financial development for black people. Nelson Mandela rejuvenated the society and gave privileges to all. Nelson Mandela did this himself and is “the captain of [his] soul.”
People had many different responses towards Nelson Mandela’s actions. The most response came from Africa. The majority of the response in Africa came from the African Americans. When the system of apartheid was first made in 1948, the National Party was voted into power by the whites and promised to introduce a system to separate races. System of apartheid was the segregating of races in every aspect of life. After the National Party was taken over, it consisted of the policy of apartheid, organization of the republic, and Afrikaner culture. They fixed the problem of segregation by forming apartheid and tried to make whites have majority rule. The black people began angry and wanted to revolt. This caused the government to expand the police powers. The police would make a list of the people who showed they were against apartheid and make them apart of the outlawed Communist Party of South Africa. In court, people charged would be guilty until proven innocent. The police would also ban people. This meant that the person would be in long periods of house arrest, which would stop them from holding public office and gong to public meeting. In court, people charged or banned would be guilty until proven innocent. By the end of the year, 500,000 were arrested, 600 were listed as communists, 350 were banned, and 150 were banished. On December 17, 1949, the ANC adopts Youth League’s ‘Program of Action’. This program is to achieve full citizenship and having direct representation for all Africans. The people, who agreed to this program, would use ways of boycotts, and strikes to get their point across. This increased the people being arrested, banned, being communist, and banished. This shows with team work that, “It always seems impossible until it's done.”
Another response happened in March 1960, a national campaign against the pass law begins. The ANC decided that Africans were to stand outside of the police stations without their passes on and challenge the police to arrest them. The ANC is the African National Congress that is controlled by Africanist political party The ANC at the beginning of protesting used non-violent methods but towards the end they got frustrated and would use ways of violence. On March 21 at Sharpeville, the protest started and by the end 69 Africans died and 186 wounded. The black people didn’t want to stand down even though the other side might have weapons. After the protest, Nelson Mandela decided that the people and him should burn their passes publicly. More black people came to the protest and burned their passes. The government arrested 18,000 people and banned the organization.
After Nelson Mandela was arrested and political parties were being banned, people in Africa responded by using force and violence. In the 1960s, nationalist parties that were banned in each settler colony joined and changed their name into liberation movements. The liberation movements were against the settler regimes. The liberation movements had little money to have weapons and train their soldiers. The settler regimes were equipped with weapons and trained. The liberation movements were seeking help from other countries and only China, Soviet Union, independent African nations, and their allies in the Eastern Bloc helped. The Front Line States, which were the independent African countries, gave economic help and military bases for the training of their soldiers. This made liberation movements prepare for stage attacks against the settler regimes. In 1963 at the meeting of Organization of African Unity, the president of Ghana stated “no African will be free until all Africans are free”. It took several years for all of the settler colonies to have independence. In 1994, South Africa was the last colony to have majority rule.
After Nelson Mandela was arrested and political parties were being banned, people in Africa responded by using force and violence. In the 1960s, nationalist parties that were banned in each settler colony joined and changed their name into liberation movements. The liberation movements were against the settler regimes. The liberation movements had little money to have weapons and train their soldiers. The settler regimes were equipped with weapons and trained. The liberation movements were seeking help from other countries and only China, Soviet Union, independent African nations, and their allies in the Eastern Bloc helped. The Front Line States, which were the independent African countries, gave economic help and military bases for the training of their soldiers. This made liberation movements prepare for stage attacks against the settler regimes. In 1963 at the meeting of Organization of African Unity, the president of Ghana stated “no African will be free until all Africans are free”. It took several years for all of the settler colonies to have independence. In 1994, South Africa was the last colony to have majority rule.